Advances in Digital Processing of Low-Amplitude Components of Electrocardiosignals

This manual has been published within the framework of the BME-ENA project under the responsibility of National Technical University of Ukraine. The BME-ENA “Biomedical Engineering Education Tempus Initiative in Eastern Neighbouring Area”, Project Number: 543904-TEMPUS-1-2013-1-GR-TEMPUS-JPCR is a Joint Project within the TEMPUS IV program. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission.Навчальний посібник присвячено розробці методів та засобів для неінвазивного виявлення та дослідження тонких проявів електричної активності серця. Особлива увага приділяється вдосконаленню інформаційного та алгоритмічного забезпечення систем електрокардіографії високого розрізнення для ранньої діагностики електричної нестабільності міокарда, а також для оцінки функціонального стану плоду під час вагітності. Теоретичні основи супроводжуються прикладами реалізації алгоритмів за допомогою системи MATLAB. Навчальний посібник призначений для студентів, аспірантів, а також фахівців у галузі біомедичної електроніки та медичних працівників.The teaching book is devoted to development and research of methods and tools for non-invasive detection of subtle manifistations of heart electrical activity. Particular attention is paid to the improvement of information and algorithmic support of high resolution electrocardiography for early diagnosis of myocardial electrical instability, as well as for the evaluation of the functional state of the fetus during pregnancy examination. The theoretical basis accompanied by the examples of implementation of the discussed algorithms with the help of MATLAB. The teaching book is intended for students, graduate students, as well as specialists in the field of biomedical electronics and medical professionals

Prompt optical observations of GRB050319 with the Swift UVOT

The UVOT telescope on the Swift observatory has detected optical afterglow emission from GRB 050319. The flux declines with a power law slope of alpha = -0.57 between the start of observations some 230 seconds after the burst onset (90s after the burst trigger) until it faded below the sensitivity threshold of the instrument after ~5 x 10^4s. There is no evidence for the rapidly declining component in the early light curve that is seen at the same time in the X-ray band. The afterglow is not detected in UVOT shortward of the B-band, suggesting a redshift of about 3.5. The optical V-band emission lies on the extension of the X-ray spectrum, with an optical to X-ray slope of beta = -0.8. The relatively flat decay rate of the burst suggests that the central engine continues to inject energy into the fireball for as long as a few x 10^4s after the burst.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Ap

Swift-UVOT detection of GRB 050318

We present observations of GRB 050318 by the Ultra-Violet and Optical Telescope (UVOT) on-board the Swift observatory. The data are the first detections of a Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) afterglow decay by the UVOT instrument, launched specifically to open a new window on these transient sources. We showcase UVOTs ability to provide multi-color photometry and the advantages of combining UVOT data with simultaneous and contemporaneous observations from the high-energy detectors on the Swift spacecraft. Multiple filters covering 1,800-6,000 Angstroms reveal a red source with spectral slope steeper than the simultaneous X-ray continuum. Spectral fits indicate that the UVOT colors are consistent with dust extinction by systems at z = 1.2037 and z = 1.4436, redshifts where absorption systems have been pre-identified. However, the data can be most-easily reproduced with models containing a foreground system of neutral gas redshifted by z = 2.8 +/- 0.3. For both of the above scenarios, spectral and decay slopes are, for the most part, consistent with fireball expansion into a uniform medium, provided a cooling break occurs between the energy ranges of the UVOT and Swifts X-ray instrumentation.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, ApJ Letters, in pres

Photometric Calibration of the Swift Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope

We present the photometric calibration of the Swift UltraViolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) which includes: optimum photometric and background apertures, effective area curves, colour transformations, conversion factors for count rates to flux, and the photometric zero points (which are accurate to better than 4 per cent) for each of the seven UVOT broadband filters. The calibration was performed with observations of standard stars and standard star fields that represent a wide range of spectral star types. The calibration results include the position dependent uniformity, and instrument response over the 1600-8000A operational range. Because the UVOT is a photon counting instrument, we also discuss the effect of coincidence loss on the calibration results. We provide practical guidelines for using the calibration in UVOT data analysis. The results presented here supersede previous calibration results.Comment: Minor improvements after referees report. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Вейвлет-анализ электрокардиосигналов для выявления признаков посттравматической миокардиодистрофии.

Розглянуто особливості впливу травматичної хвороби на серцево-судинну систему. Виконано числові експерименти з дослідження електрокардіосигналів військовослужбовців після мінно-вибухового поранення. У процесі клінічних досліджень реєстрація та обробка електрокардіосигналів виконані за допомогою системи електрокардіографії високого розрізнення. На основі проведеного вейвлет-аналізу електрокардіосигналів запропоновано інтегральні параметри для виявлення ознак посттравматичної міокардіодистрофії.Introduction. The features of the traumatic disease's impact on the cardiovascular system are reviewed. Numerical experiments on electrocardiosignals of the soldiers injuried by mine explosion were held. The nature of the posttraumatic myocardial dystrophy is described. HR ECG signals' analysis. During clinical studies the registration and processing of electrocardiosignals were performed by the high resolution electrocardiography system. The time and amplitude analysis of HR ECG signals was held, and its low efficiency was approved. The integral parameters for detection of the posttraumatic myocardial dystrophy features based on the wavelet analysis of the electrocardiosignals are proposed. Conclusion. Since the myocardial dystrophy is caused by the violation of the processes related to the transport of ions Ca2+, the changes of electrocardiosignals are visible at the highest levels of wavelet decomposition. Thus, the 8th and 9th levels of the 9-level wavelet decomposition of averaged cardiocycles showed the best result for diagnostic.Рассмотрены особенности влияния травматической болезни на сердечно-сосудистую систему. Выполнены численные эксперименты по исследованию электрокардиосигналов военнослужащих после минно-взрывных ранений. В процессе клинических исследований регистрация и обработка электрокардиосигналов выполнены с помощью системы электрокардиографии высокого разрешения. На основе проведенного вейвлет–анализа электрокардиосигналов предложены интегральные параметры для выявления признаков посттравматической миокардиодистрофии

Complex of computer models for сold stress evaluation in water

У роботі представлено комплекс комп'ютерних моделей для прогнозу теплофізіологічного стану людини у воді на базі математичних моделей терморугуляції людини та результати його застосування для оцінки холодового стресу. Показано вплив температури води та рівня занурення на теплофізіологічний стан людини та час настання гіпотермії.Introduction. Due to the high value of water thermal conductivity comparing to air, stay of man in cold water (water temperature lower than 25 °C) is associated with high life and health hazard. One of the ways to evaluate survival time of human in water is usage of statistics data about survivors and water temperature organized as tables and curves. Another method to evaluate survival time and physiological state of man in water is computer modelling of human hermoregulatory system. Computer modelling allows to predict human thermal state in extreme environment without health hazard for man. Main body. Information technology based on complex of mathematical models was developed to predict human thermophysiological state in cold water. The main component of complex is mathematical model of shivering in muscles. Shivering increases heat production up to our-fivefold of basal metabolic rate. Human thermophysiological state in case of accidental water immersion at temperature range from 5 to 25 °C was predicted using information technology. In order to evaluate influence of immersion level on hypothermia, computer modelling was performed for cases of full immersion, head out of water and immersion with head and arms out of water. Conclusions. Developed complex of computer models allows to predict human thermophysiological state and evaluate cold stress in wide range of water temperature and the immersion level. The modelling results showed that the cooling rate increases with reduction in water temperature and the increase in percentage of immersed human body. When water temperature below 25 °C heat loss is always higher than shivering in muscles, thus body core temperature reduces at all levels of immersion. The safest case of immersion is immersion with head and arms out of water.В работе представлен комплекс компьютерных моделей для прогноза теплофизиологического состояния человека в воде на базе математических моделей терморегуляции человека и результаты его применения для оценки холодового стресса. Показано влияние температуры воды и уровня погружения на теплофизиологическое состояние человека и время наступления гипотермии

Paper II: Calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope

The Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) is one of three instruments onboard the Swift observatory. The photometric calibration has been published, and this paper follows up with details on other aspects of the calibration including a measurement of the point spread function with an assessment of the orbital variation and the effect on photometry. A correction for large scale variations in sensitivity over the field of view is described, as well as a model of the coincidence loss which is used to assess the coincidence correction in extended regions. We have provided a correction for the detector distortion and measured the resulting internal astrometric accuracy of the UVOT, also giving the absolute accuracy with respect to the International Celestial Reference System. We have compiled statistics on the background count rates, and discuss the sources of the background, including instrumental scattered light. In each case we describe any impact on UVOT measurements, whether any correction is applied in the standard pipeline data processing or whether further steps are recommended.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 15 pages, 21 figures, 4 table

Ultraviolet, Optical, and X-Ray Observations of the Type Ia Supernova 2005am with Swift

We present ultraviolet and optical light curves in six broadband filters and grism spectra obtained by Swift's Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope for the Type Ia supernova SN2005am. The data were collected beginning about four days before the B-band maximum, with excellent coverage of the rapid decline phase and later observations extending out to 69 days after the peak. The optical and near UV light curve match well those of SN1992A. The other UV observations constitute the first set of light curves shorter than 2500 Angstroms and allow us to compare the light curve evolution in three UV bands. The UV behavior of this and other low redshift supernovae can be used to constrain theories of progenitor evolution or to interpret optical light curves of high redshift supernovae. Using Swift's X-Ray Telescope, we also report the upper limit to SN2005am's X-ray luminosity to be 1.77 x 10^40 erg s^-1 in the 0.3--10 keV range from 58,117 s of exposure time.Comment: 15 pages, including 3 figures and 2 tables, submitted to Astrophysical Journa

Swift panchromatic observations of the bright gamma-ray burst GRB050525a

The bright gamma-ray burst GRB050525a has been detected with the Swift observatory, providing unique multiwavelength coverage from the very earliest phases of the burst. The X-ray and optical/UV afterglow decay light curves both exhibit a steeper slope ~0.15 days after the burst, indicative of a jet break. This jet break time combined with the total gamma-ray energy of the burst constrains the opening angle of the jet to be 3.2 degrees. We derive an empirical `time-lag' redshift from the BAT data of z_hat = 0.69 +/- 0.02, in good agreement with the spectroscopic redshift of 0.61. Prior to the jet break, the X-ray data can be modelled by a simple power law with index alpha = -1.2. However after 300 s the X-ray flux brightens by about 30% compared to the power-law fit. The optical/UV data have a more complex decay, with evidence of a rapidly falling reverse shock component that dominates in the first minute or so, giving way to a flatter forward shock component at later times. The multiwavelength X-ray/UV/Optical spectrum of the afterglow shows evidence for migration of the electron cooling frequency through the optical range within 25000 s. The measured temporal decay and spectral indices in the X-ray and optical/UV regimes compare favourably with the standard fireball model for Gamma-ray bursts assuming expansion into a constant density interstellar medium.Comment: 31 pages, 7 figures, referee comments implemented, typo corrected in author list, accepted by Ap

Безопасность режимов лечения больных туберкулезом с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью возбудителя согласно новым рекомендациям ВОЗ 2019 г.

The objective: safety assessment of chemotherapy regimens compiled in accordance with the recommendations of World Health Organization (WHO), 2019, in patients with multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR) in clinical practice settings.Subjects: Frequency, patterns, severity and risk factors of adverse events (AE) of chemotherapy regimens compiled in accordance with the WHO recommendations as of 2019 were analyzed in 122 patients with MDR and XDR respiratory tuberculosis within programmatic use of new anti-tuberculosis drugs.Results. The frequency of AE made 64.8% (95% CI 55.9-72.7%), gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and allergic events prevailed, the comorbidity was the risk factor of AE development (OR 6.44; 95% CI 1.91-21.76). AEs of with severity degrees 3-4 were observed in 24.6% (95% CI 17.8-33.0%), neurotoxic, ototoxic and hepatotoxic reactions prevailed; risk factors included female sex (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.32-7.53) and complications of chemotherapy in the past (OR 3.50%, 95% CI 1.49-8.70). At least one anti-tuberculosis drug was canceled due to AE in 26.2% (95% CI 19.2-34.7%), and any of Group A drugs was canceled during the first 6 months of chemotherapy in 13.9% (95% CI 8.8-21.3%) of patients.Цель: оценка безопасности режимов химиотерапии, сформированных согласно принципам рекомендаций Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) 2019 г., у больных туберкулезом с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью (МЛУ) возбудителя в условиях клинической практики.Методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ частоты, спектра, тяжести и факторов риска нежелательных реакций (НР) при реализации режимов химиотерапии согласно рекомендациям ВОЗ 2019 г. у 122 больных туберкулезом органов дыхания с МЛУ и широкой лекарственной устойчивостью в рамках программного применения новых противотуберкулезных препаратов.Результаты. Частота НР составила 64,8% (95%-ный ДИ 55,9-72,7%), преобладали гастроинтестинальные, сердечно-сосудистые и аллергические реакции, фактором риска являлось наличие сопутствующей патологии (ОШ = 6,44, 95%-ный ДИ 1,91-21,76). НР 3-4-й степени тяжести отмечены у 24,6% (95%-ный ДИ 17,8-33,0%), с преобладанием нейро-, ото- и гепатотоксических реакций, факторами риска являлись женский пол (ОШ = 3,15, 95%-ный ДИ 1,32-7,53) и осложнения химиотерапии в анамнезе (ОШ = 3,50, 95%-ный ДИ 1,49-8,70). Отмена минимум одного противотуберкулезного препарата в связи с НР потребовалась у 26,2% (95%-ный ДИ 19,2-34,7%), любого из препаратов группы А в течение первых 6 мес. химиотерапии ‒ у 13,9% (95%-ный ДИ 8,8-21,3%) пациентов